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What is hallux rigidus?
Hallux rigidus (stiff big toe) is a disorder that is typically associated with degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis) in the large joint at the base of the big toe. Given the limited ability of the toe to move and permit the foot to roll through a full step, walking can become painful and difficult. What causes hallux rigidus? The exact cause of hallux rigidus often remains unknown. Possible causes include genetic factors, micro-injuries and a misalignment in the structure of the foot that leads to excessive stress. Gout may also trigger secondary osteoarthritis in the joint at the base of the toe. Finally, improper loading of the joint may occur in individuals with fallen arches and a tendency to hyper-pronation. |
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Symptoms
- Pain in the large joint at the base of the big toe
- Stiffness in the big toe while walking, especially when rolling off the rear foot
- Swelling and redness at the base of the big toe
- Increase in pain and discomfort during cold weather
- Pain in the knee and hip joint as a result of improper loading
Treatment
Treatment for hallux rigidus typically begins with conservative measures such as stretching and traction therapy, anti-inflammatory medication (including injections into the joint, if appropriate), physical therapy, and special orthopedic shoes or inserts. Orthokine® treatment in case of inflammation can also be very effective.
Surgical treatment includes various techniques that aim to preserve the joint such as cheilectomy (the removal of bone spurs) and various techniques that involve the removal or partial removal of the joint such Keller and Brandes arthroplasty and joint fusion (arthrodesis).
More recently, artificial joint replacement has shown very promising results in terms of joint function and longevity.
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